fbpx

Chip Shortage: Causes and Effects Explained

Your capital is at risk if you invest. You could lose all your investment. Please see the full risk warning here.

Websim is the retail division of Intermonte, the primary intermediary of the Italian stock exchange for institutional investors. Leverage Shares often features in its speculative analysis based on macros/fundamentals. However, the information is published in Italian. To provide better information for our non-Italian investors, we bring to you a quick translation of the analysis they present to Italian retail investors. To ensure rapid delivery, text in the charts will not be translated. The views expressed here are of Websim. Leverage Shares in no way endorses these views. If you are unsure about the suitability of an investment, please seek financial advice. View the original at

Laymen news-watchers might have seen the term “global chip shortage” being attributed to a variety of performance issues in a variety of companies. A “chip shortage”, also referred to as “semiconductor shortage” or “chip famine”, is a phenomenon in the integrated circuit industry, when demand for silicon chips outstrips supply.

With this article, we seek to provide a quick overview behind this phenomenon and how it affects some of the hottest stocks underpinning our products.

Root Causes

The manufacturing of semiconductors used to be a fairly distributed sector, with the US and Europe accounting for more 70% of all production. Since then, however, almost three-quarters of all production have moved to Asia.

This highly-concentrated scenario was heavily impacted by the pandemic: mandated lockdowns ushered in across Asia to combat the Covid-19 outbreak caused disruptions in the supply chains and logistics systems chipmakers depended upon to maintain production. On the other hand, since people began spending more time at home, there was a boom in demand for consumer electronics such as game consoles, smart TVs and laptops.

It bears noting, though, that this crisis was not solely due to the pandemic. It had been forecasted for quite some time that a shortage was in the cards since developing economies continued to ramp up consumption of electronics over the past decade.

Europe accounts for less than 10% of global chip production, although that is up from 6% five years ago. The European Commission wants to boost that figure to 20% and is exploring its intentions to invest 20-30 billion euros reach this target. While Intel has expressed interest in establishing a factory in Europe, it reportedly wants 8 billion euros in public subsidies in return.

The U.S. in particular has been hit hard by the shift in production: it has been increasingly more dependent on Chinese imports to satisfy its chip needs while its demand has consistently risen. Simultaneously, Chinese chip imports face increasingly stringent sanctions since the US government maintains that Chinese chip production in China has primarily military purposes.

To satisfy domestic demands, Intel announced in March that it intends to spend $20 billion on two new chip plants in Arizona, which would come online in the next 2-3 years.

With at least 1,400 chips needed per modern automobile, it was bound to impact car production. The current chip shortage is estimated to have caused a loss in production of nearly 4 million vehicles globally for 2021 alone. The problem is exacerbated by another issue: car manufacturers don’t use the most advanced — or “bleeding edge” — chips. Since the older chips are made using older manufacturing processes and chipmakers are moving towards producing higher-revenue “bleeding edge” products, filling orders from car makers would get pushed to the back of the queue.

In terms of “total” chip manufacturing leadership, the market is highly fragmented. However, Samsung and TSMC are the leaders in this field.

To highlight the difference brought about by bleeding edge products, around 55% of the world’s chipmaker revenues in the last quarter were generated by one Taiwanese chipmaker: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp (TSMC), which committed to as much as $28 billion in capital spending in 2021. TSMC’s growth in market space is largely driven, in recent times, to orders from AMD, MediaTek, Qualcomm and Bitmain’s cryptocurrency mining machines. There has been very little reshuffling in the Top 10 chip maker list over the past several years.
Interestingly, top chipmakers are frequently not the top choices as suppliers for car manufacturers. In 2019-2020, Infineon, NXP, and Renesas were the leading suppliers in this highly-fragmented supplier space estimated to be (then) worth around $35 billion.
The estimated impact among US car models has been quite profound: Ford, Jeep and Chevrolet have announced cutbacks in production of well over half a million vehicles as of now.
Highlighting how crucial and well-anticipated this situation was is also evident in stock market behaviour: the Semiconductor Index (SOX) had steadily begun to outperform both the S&P 500 Tech Sector since November last year.

Consequences for Tesla, AMD and NVIDIA

Consulting firm Alix Partners announced that automakers will face the major brunt of the chip shortage, with the industry estimated to lose about $110 billion of sales this year on account of lost production. Adding further woes to this was Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger’s claim that the work and study-from-home trends during the pandemic have led to a huge strain on global supply chains.

During the earnings call in April, Tesla CEO Elon Musk likened the crisis to the toilet paper shortage that had affected many American states during the early outbreak of Covid-19 in the U.S., opining that manufacturers are ordering more microcontrollers than what they actually need. Citing global supply chain pressures, Tesla has repeatedly hiked the price of its Tesla 3 and China-built Model Y models over the past few months.

With both TSMC and Intel warning that chip supply issues could last through 2022, Nvidia stated that it expects demand for its new RTX 30-series GPU to outstrip supply for the same time period during an investors call in April. The company was also well underway to challenge Intel’s dominance in the chip maker space by announcing plans to acquire Arm Limited from SoftBank for $40 billion as well as Xilinx a $35 billion all-stock transaction in Q4 2020.

While AMD CEO Lisa Su gave a more measured response to the crisis in May by saying that the chip shortage was part of a “megacycle” and assuring investors that the industry is “really good at managing these things”, she also announced that the company would be prioritising higher-end commercial and gaming SKUs (Stock Keeping Units) over lower-end CPU components.

Micron Technology reported during its fiscal 2021 Q2 update that it’s operating near full capacity to keep up with its customers‘ needs due to surging demand for electronic devices. It estimates that tight supplies of DRAM memory chips (a staple feature in most smartphones, gaming consoles, etc.) coupled with strong demand would cause the semiconductor industry to fall short on filling orders for DRAM throughout 2021 and possibly beyond. It bears noting that over 70% of the company’s business in Q2 came from DRAM memory alone.

It further streamlined its operations by buying out Intel’s 49% stake in its 3D XPoint (a new type of architecture for memory chips) joint venture to end a $400 million-a-year drag on its profits. Micron’s Utah plant that made these chips is scheduled to be sold.

In Conclusion

The chip shortage has foisted a peculiar conundrum on the auto industry: while Tesla might be pricier and possibly affected in its production targets, other carmakers are similarly affected (if not worse) and thus unable to capitalize on its shortfall. NVIDIA and AMD, on the other hand, are moving to benefit from more-expensive products in their respective catalogues under their confident estimation that sales will leave them with very low levels of unsold stock, owing to a shortage in cheaper alternative in the consumer electronics space.

If Tesla remains unaffected by virtue of everybody else being affected too, the company’s stock performance will likely not have the chip shortage be a huge factor. If consumers will purchase consumer electronics regardless of the higher prices being command, NVIDIA and AMD will do well.

If, however, other economic conditions such as inflation, job loss, reduced spending trends, etc. seep into the equation over the course of the year, all three companies will be affected, as will their peers. On the question of whether these companies will do well relative to their peers, your guess is as good as ours.

References:

  1. Global chip shortage costs automotive sector €90 billion, Consultancy.eu
  2. Yes, the global microchip shortage is COVID’s fault. No, it won’t end any time soon, The Conversation
  3. Chip Shortage Causes AMD to Pivot Away From Lower-End PC Processors, PCMag
  4. Nvidia warns the great GPU shortage will continue throughout 2021, The Verge
Your capital is at risk if you invest. You could lose all your investment. Please see the full risk warning here.

Related Posts

Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Boyan Girginov
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Sandeep Rao
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Boyan Girginov
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
Leverage Shares ETPs im Vergleich zu Hebel-ETPs
Leverage Shares ETPs im Vergleich zu Hebel-ETPs
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Oktay Kavrak
Leverage Shares ETPs im Vergleich zu Hebel-ETPs
Leverage Shares ETPs im Vergleich zu Hebel-ETPs
Leverage Shares ETPs im Vergleich zu Hebel-ETPs
Handel mit ETPs in mehreren Währungen
Handel mit ETPs in mehreren Währungen
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Pawel Uchman
Handel mit ETPs in mehreren Währungen
Handel mit ETPs in mehreren Währungen
Handel mit ETPs in mehreren Währungen
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Boyan Girginov
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Sandeep Rao
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks‘ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.

Sandeep Rao

Research

Sandeep joined Leverage Shares in September 2020. He leads research on existing and new product lines, asset classes, and strategies, with special emphasis on analysis of recent events and developments.

Sandeep has longstanding experience with financial markets. Starting with a Chicago-based hedge fund as a financial engineer, his career has spanned a variety of domains and organizations over a course of 8 years – from Barclays Capital’s Prime Services Division to (most recently) Nasdaq’s Index Research Team.

Sandeep holds an M.S. in Finance as well as an MBA from Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago.

Violeta Todorova

Senior Research

Violeta trat Leverage Shares in September 2022 bei. Sie ist verantwortlich für die Durchführung technischer Analysen, Makro- und Aktienmarktforschung, wodurch sie wertvolle Erkenntnisse bereitstellt, um die Gestaltung von Anlagestrategien für Kunden zu unterstützen.

Bevor sie LS beitrat hat Violeta bei einigen Hochprofil – Investitionsfirmen in Australien gearbeitet wie Tollhurst und Morgans Financial, wo sie die letzten 12 Jahre verbracht hat.

Violeta ist eine zertifizierte Markttechnikerin von der Vereinigung der technischen Analysten in Australien und sie hat Postgraduierten-Diplom in Angewandten Finanzen und Investitionen von Kaplan Professional (FINSIA), Australien, wo sie jahrelang Dozentin war.

Julian Manoilov

Marketing Lead

Julian Manoilov kam 2018 im Zuge der Expansion des Unternehmens in Osteuropa zu Leverage Shares. Er ist für Online-Inhalte und die Steigerung der Markenbekanntheit verantwortlich.

Auf wissenschaftlicher Ebene befasst sich Herr Manoilov mit Wirtschaft, Psychologie, Soziologie, europäischer Politik und Linguistik. Durch eigene unternehmerische Tätigkeit hat er Erfahrung in der Geschäftsentwicklung und im Marketing gesammelt.

Herr Manoilov sieht Leverage Shares als innovatives Unternehmen auf den Gebieten Finanzen und Fintech. Seine Arbeit zielt darauf ab, die nächsten großen Neuigkeiten an Investoren in Großbritannien und im übrigen Europa weiterzugeben.

Oktay Kavrak

Head of Communications and Strategy

Oktay Kavrak kam Ende 2019 zu Leverage Shares. Er ist für das Unternehmenswachstum durch Pflege wichtiger Geschäftsbeziehungen und für die Entwicklung des Vertriebs in den englischsprachigen Märkten verantwortlich.

Vor seinem Wechsel zu Leverage Shares war Herr Kavrak für die UniCredit tätig, wo er als Corporate Relationship Manager multinationale Unternehmen betreute. Zuvor arbeitete er in den Bereichen Unternehmensfinanzierung und Fondsverwaltung u. a. für IBM Bulgaria und DeGiro/FundShare.

Herr Kavrak besitzt einen Bachelor-Abschluss in Finanz- und Rechnungswesen sowie einen postgradualen Abschluss in Betriebswirtschaft des Babson College. Zudem ist er Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA).