fbpx

S&P 500: Champions and Losers

Your capital is at risk if you invest. You could lose all your investment. Please see the full risk warning here.

Websim is the retail division of Intermonte, the primary intermediary of the Italian stock exchange for institutional investors. Leverage Shares often features in its speculative analysis based on macros/fundamentals. However, the information is published in Italian. To provide better information for our non-Italian investors, we bring to you a quick translation of the analysis they present to Italian retail investors. To ensure rapid delivery, text in the charts will not be translated. The views expressed here are of Websim. Leverage Shares in no way endorses these views. If you are unsure about the suitability of an investment, please seek financial advice. View the original at

Institutional investor concerns about the U.S. equity market being overvalued have been around since 2017. Despite a large percentage of institutional investors buying into top-line stocks such as Tesla and Amazon, this concern hasn’t really subsided. Surveys reported that most Fortune 500 CFOs and fund managers held this belief in 2020. Mr. Charlie Munger, Vice Chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, reiterated this belief in 2021 and added that the market will (or should) correct soon.

Given recent performance of the S&P 500, some might arrive at the quick conclusion that there is every indication of a recession being anticipated. However, a long-term study of trends in individual securities and sectors highlight that this is not the case: market corrections are aiming for a reset in the overvaluation seen in some key sectors and stocks.

Rises and Drops

Let us consider yearly horizons starting from November 2019 till 2021, with an additional window till the 25th of February 2022. The index is analysed via the holdings of S&P 500 ETF (SPX). The contribution of each security within SPX to the total movement of the SPX is estimated and termed the “Contribution Index” and the total change in stock price within each window is termed the “Price Delta”.

The Top “Rise” and “Drop” Leaders as per the highest and lowest “Price Deltas” yield some fascinating results:

Based on the deltas, it could be implied that movement restrictions had propelled Amazon and Netflix to a massive year-on-year delta by the end of 2020. Added to this were the concerns over the pandemic that drove pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies to high deltas as well. Meanwhile, companies associated with travel and energy companies had significant drops. By the end of 2021, it could be implied that Alphabet’s steady growth was the fuel that drove the index while pharmaceutical companies began to drag. In the months since November 2021, however, construction, energy and food companies had massive rises while “tech” giants such as Amazon, Alphabet and Tesla were collapsing.

But why is the S&P 500 collapsing? This is attributable to the weighing schema: “Tech” companies have very high weights and an outsized effect on the index. Thus, even when the stock price upticks in these types of companies were minimal, the index would go up. By the same token, when these stocks slip, it gives the appearance of a massive fall. For instance, in the November 2019-20 window, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft and Apple is estimated to have contributed about 60% of the uptick in the index while in the three-month window between November 2021 till February, these same stocks have contributed to 59% of the downturn seen in the index.

In holistic terms, while a number of “non-tech” stocks have been rising in the three-month window, this has little to do with the economy. While it is true that the US economy is facing 40-year highs in inflation, what’s also true is that nearly every major stock in every major industry is massively overvalued and there is every indication that this is being corrected.

The Ratio Squeeze

Ratios form multi-dimensional boundaries when it comes to instrument indicators. In itself, no stock should in theory be valued too high relative to others in its industry or classification. In practice, this has not been the case. Given the fact that US Treasury yields have been too low to guarantee “safe harbour” from inflationary rises for the past 20 years and more, there has been a “crowding effect” in other public markets such as equities. Narratives on new technology and over-optimistic impact on market share have rarely translated into real-time eternal dominance which, in turn, means that projections reflected over a long-term horizon becomes more and more speculative.

Let us consider the Top Two overweight and underweight in terms of one ratio – the Price-to-Earnings (PE) Ratio – for each industry classification at the start of each window period all the way till February 2022.

In recent times, the likes of Disney, Twitter and Hess Corporation are overweight relative to their industry medians while the likes of Citi and General Motors are underweight. What’s most interesting in the short-term window spanning November 2021 till January is that, in nearly every case, while the champions’ ratios are dwindling, the median ratios are rising slightly or holding steady. This suggests a strong diversification move.

In some cases, the ratios are egregiously high: Disney is at nearly 70 relative an industry median of around 24 while Tesla is 166 when the industry median is around 17. In an interesting bit of forecasting, Goldman Sachs’ strategists had predicted that the S&P 500 will likely net about 9% in gains for 2022. Given the diversification being seen, it can only be assumed that a net reallocation of capital from overweight stocks in each industry classification to those considered underweight is underway.

Note: The terms “underweight” and “overweight” are being used relative to industry median. There are plenty of arguments to suggest that even industry averages and medians are too high. On a practical basis, however, it should be assumed that no stock will come to rest anywhere close to ideal ratio efficiency any time soon. In other words, while ratios can be expected to be optimistic in the forward-looking horizon, it will be less unrealistic. Ratios of 70 and 166 simply lend more volatility to the stock trajectory, which cannot be assumed to remain eternally upward.

In Conclusion

The multidimensional “ratio cool-off” seen in recent times and the possible reallocation of capital highlights the possibility that market players have begun adopting a paradigm that is long overdue. Overvaluation leads to stock volatility that impacts the stability of long-term portfolio management. But it bears noting that the decay wouldn’t be a smooth one precisely because of overvaluation: any seemingly meaningful news about top-line stock results in short-term “bump” or “drop” followed by a correction. Nonetheless, as a whole, trends in apparent capital reallocation and ratio decay in this overvalued market would likely continue over the year.

On the tactical front, it is entirely possible for European investors to make plays without diminishing their existing holdings to take advantage of any short-term trajectory in top-line stocks in both directions. A variety of single-stock exchange-traded products (ETPs) built on top of leading “high-conviction” stocks that are seeing this decay are available across European exchanges and brokers to make a play on the downturns. A number of ETPs based on leading ETFs are also available. With new tools in the arsenal, it is now possible for traders to benefit from short-term trajectories while keeping intact their holdings in high-conviction stocks – if they choose to.

Your capital is at risk if you invest. You could lose all your investment. Please see the full risk warning here.

Related Posts

Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Boyan Girginov
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Sandeep Rao
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Boyan Girginov
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
What is an ETF? How does an ETF work? Key characteristics of ETFs.
Leverage Shares ETPs vs Other Leveraged ETPs
Leverage Shares ETPs vs Other Leveraged ETPs
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Oktay Kavrak
Leverage Shares ETPs vs Other Leveraged ETPs
Leverage Shares ETPs vs Other Leveraged ETPs
Leverage Shares ETPs vs Other Leveraged ETPs
How Do Leverage Shares ETPs Trade in Multiple Currencies
How Do Leverage Shares ETPs Trade in Multiple Currencies
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Pawel Uchman
How Do Leverage Shares ETPs Trade in Multiple Currencies
How Do Leverage Shares ETPs Trade in Multiple Currencies
How Do Leverage Shares ETPs Trade in Multiple Currencies
ETF vs ETP: What they are and how do they differ?
ETF vs ETP: What they are and how do they differ?
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
ETF vs ETP: What they are and how do they differ?
ETF vs ETP: What they are and how do they differ?
ETF vs ETP: What they are and how do they differ?
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Gold is in a healthy correction and higher price levels are likely by year end.
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Boyan Girginov
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Supply, demand disequilibrium and lower US rates could squeeze the non-precious metal
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Sandeep Rao
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Q2 is poised for European stocks’ turnaround and rising interest in energy stocks
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Violeta-540x540-1.jpg
Violeta Todorova
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.
Escalation of the conflict in the Middle East threatens to derail the economic recovery.

Sandeep Rao

Research

Sandeep joined Leverage Shares in September 2020. He leads research on existing and new product lines, asset classes, and strategies, with special emphasis on analysis of recent events and developments.

Sandeep has longstanding experience with financial markets. Starting with a Chicago-based hedge fund as a financial engineer, his career has spanned a variety of domains and organizations over a course of 8 years – from Barclays Capital’s Prime Services Division to (most recently) Nasdaq’s Index Research Team.

Sandeep holds an M.S. in Finance as well as an MBA from Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago.

Julian Manoilov

Marketing Lead

Julian joined Leverage Shares in 2018 as part of the company’s primary expansion in Eastern Europe. He is responsible for web content and raising brand awareness.

Julian has been academically involved with economics, psychology, sociology, European politics & linguistics. He has experience in business development and marketing through business ventures of his own.

For Julian, Leverage Shares is an innovator in the field of finance & fintech, and he always looks forward with excitement to share the next big news with investors in the UK & Europe.

Violeta Todorova

Senior Research

Violeta joined Leverage Shares in September 2022. She is responsible for conducting technical analysis, macro and equity research, providing valuable insights to help shape investment strategies for clients.

Prior to joining LS, Violeta worked at several high-profile investment firms in Australia, such as Tollhurst and Morgans Financial where she spent the past 12 years of her career.

Violeta is a certified market technician from the Australian Technical Analysts Association and holds a Post Graduate Diploma of Applied Finance and Investment from Kaplan Professional (FINSIA), Australia, where she was a lecturer for a number of years.

Oktay Kavrak

Head of Communications and Strategy

Oktay joined Leverage Shares in late 2019. He is responsible for driving business growth by maintaining key relationships and developing sales activity across English-speaking markets.

He joined Leverage Shares from UniCredit, where he was a corporate relationship manager for multinationals. His previous experience is in corporate finance and fund administration at firms like IBM Bulgaria and DeGiro / FundShare.

Oktay holds a BA in Finance & Accounting and a post-graduate certificate in Entrepreneurship from Babson College. He is also a CFA charterholder.